Although, Despite, However

Although, despite et however expriment tous un contraste ou une concession, mais leur utilisation grammaticale diffère.

ALTHOUGH - Bien que (+ proposition)

Structure : although + sujet + verbe

• "Although it was raining, we went out."
• "I enjoyed the film although it was long."
• "Although she's young, she's very mature."

Synonymes : though, even though

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF - Malgré (+ nom/gérondif)

Structure : despite + nom / -ing

• "Despite the rain, we went out."
• "Despite being tired, she kept working."
• "He passed in spite of the difficulties."

⚠️ Jamais suivi directement d'un verbe conjugué

HOWEVER - Cependant (connecteur)

Relie deux phrases indépendantes :

• "It was raining. However, we went out."
• "The test was hard. However, most students passed."

Ponctuation : virgule après however

Récapitulatif

• Although it rained... (+ phrase complète)
• Despite the rain... (+ nom)
• Despite raining... (+ -ing)
• It rained. However, we... (nouvelle phrase)

Conversions

"Although he was sick, he came to work."
= "Despite being sick, he came to work."
= "He was sick. However, he came to work."